In this article, Gerald Bracey takes a look at how educational software can be improved, if software publishers would take a look at cognitive learning research. He feels that it is possible for creators of software programs to design programs that "help students learn how to learn, learn how to set cognitive goals, learn how to apply effective strategies for comprehension, self monitoring, and organization of knowledge." However, it is his opinion that this has not occurred, and students are presumed to already have the cognitive strategies necessary to learn effectively.

Bracey adds a review of some of the principles that take cognitive learning into account. They are:

1. Make knowledge-construction activities ties overt.
2. Maintain attention to cognitive goals.
3. Treat a student's lack of knowledge in a positive way.
4. Provide process-relevant feedback.
5. Encourage learning strategies other than rehearsal.
6. Encourage multiple passes through information.
7. Support varied ways for students to organize their knowledge.
8. Encourage maximum use and examination of existing knowledge.
9. Provide opportunities for reflection and take into account individual learning styles.
10. Facilitate transfer of knowledge across contexts.
11. Give students more responsibility for contributing to one another's learning.

Bracey has found that most of these principles can be addressed through the use of Computer-Supported Intentional Learning Environments (CSILE). CSILE provides a means for a group of students to build a collective data base. Research using CSILE daily for almost eight months supports this theory. "Students used the system to elaborate models and hypotheses, to delve into difficult text, and generally to engage in processes thought to be beyond their years."

I think this is a vital bit of research. As computer software continues to find its way into more classrooms and homes, these principles must be taken into consideration. Many times software publishers are more concerned with the appearance than the effectiveness of their software. It would be wise to look at the cognitive effects of a program before releasing it to the general public.