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For over 6000 years Egypt has been a world of ancient legacy. And at the very heart and vain of this great legacy lays the Nile River. Over a span of 600 Miles, the Nile River flows from south to north throughout the entire country. It is Egypt’s main Highway and and only effective source of water since Egypt’s annual rain fall hardly ever exceeds 1 ½ in.

Rising at Lake Victoria in the heart of Africa, the Nile at the southern border of Egypt enters a long, narrow valley. Every August (until the Aswan Dam was completed) the river would rise due to the rain and melting snow in the mountains of Abyssinia. This flooded much of this valley and spread a blanket of silt as far as the edge of the desert.


After the flood receded, the mud remained, giving a fertile land to which Egyptian farmers sowed their grain for over 6000 years. Roughly 95% of Egypt’s population lives within 12 miles of the Nile River. It is strange that both the world’s largest river and the world’s largest desert can exist in one country. Not to mention one of the greatest ancient civilizations the world has ever seen.

The Aswan Dam changed all that. The High Aswan Dam no longer allows fertile bearing silt to flow north into the main part of Egypt. This changed the fertiliy of the land forever. Egypt is now one of the world’s greatest users of chemical fertilizer in order to solve this problem.
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