Class website: http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~cbeekman/teaching/anth4570.html

INTRODUCTION AND COURSE OBJECTIVES

This course will introduce students to a wide range of approaches to the study of settlement patterns through archaeological data. We will take a scalar approach, and will spend the first few weeks looking at archaeological studies of the household. We will move up to study the community, its origins and its organization. The next several weeks will cover methods for locating archaeological sites (and non-sites) through traditional pedestrian surveys and remote sensing, as well as the value of incorporating an understanding of geology and geomorphology. Some of the difficulties inherent in archaeological data will be discussed, along with proposed solutions. The second half of the course will focus more strictly on regional analysis, generally organized by types of theoretical approaches. Since economic and subsistence matters have loomed large in archaeological theory, these receive first attention. However, settlement data are today used to answer political, social, and ideological questions as well. We will finish the discussion with a review of core-periphery models, which attempt to explain patterns beyond even the regional level.

Thus, the goals of this course are; 1) to produce students trained in the methods used in the study of archaeological settlement patterns, and 2) to produce students trained in the interpretative approaches used in these studies.

There is a prerequisite for this course - ANTH 1302, Introduction to Archaeology. Students who do not have the prerequisite should not take this course, but will need to drop themselves as you will not automatically be dropped from this course if you do not have the prerequisite. There will be many points that I will take as common knowledge in here, and taking the time to educate students who are not properly prepared for the course is robbing those who are prepared. No special remedial treatment can be provided for those without the prerequisite.

EVALUATION OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE

General policies and expectations – As with any course at UCD, there are certain basic policies with which students must comply. Do not bring pets, children, noisy laptops, or active cellphones/beepers to class. Students are responsible for making sure that they are actually enrolled in the course, and for completing coursework on time. This course involves considerable reading and writing – usually 1 hour of class time will necessitate 3 hours of work outside the class. In order to earn the credit that this course (or any other) is worth, you must be willing and able to invest the time that is required – everyone has outside commitments, jobs, and family life, so do not expect that academic standards will be relaxed just because you are overcommitted. Assignments turned in late will be docked one letter grade for each day they are late, i.e. a paper due Monday that is turned in Wednesday cannot get better than a “C”. Incompletes are granted at the end of the term only for unfinished work, and only when a legitimate and proven excuse exists. Academic dishonesty is never tolerated, and students should familiarize themselves with the regulations on pages 31-36 of the current catalog. Students with special needs should contact the AHEC Disability Service Office immediately to make arrangements, and I should also be informed as soon as possible.

There will be two take-home exams in this course, each worth 30% of your final grade. In addition there will be a research paper of approximately 20-30 pages, on a topic relating to settlement patterns, urbanism, or landscape. This is also worth 30% of your grade and will be due April 28th. This is a research paper and that means that you need to use scholarly books and articles for your bibliography. Do not use reviews of books – use the book itself. Do not use student papers online or websites that somebody has stuck out there without any information about where their data are coming from. These kinds of pages are notoriously inaccurate. Do not just try to lean on a single chapter or book. A research paper means gathering data related to an actual topic and position, and this means that you need to draw together and integrate material from many sources. Note – I used to allow the use of web pages as sources in bibliographies, but no longer! People are habitually using web pages with incorrect or misleading information, and by the time I see it in your bibliography, it’s too late and you suffer the consequences. This of course does not apply to actual articles obtained through the Expanded Academic Index, JSTOR, or other online databases accessible through our library. Those are regular scholarly articles that have been placed online. The final 10% of your grade will be class participation. I do expect students to contribute to the discussion by doing the readings and commenting upon them in the classroom. I consider keeping up with the readings to be a very important component of this course, and it will impact upon your grades for the exams, paper, and class participation.

Paper topics may include a comparison of different definitions or concepts of urbanism, the relationship of settlement pattern hierarchies to particular economic or political systems, the application of a particular approach (e.g. heterarchy) to a specific area, the relationship between theories and particular approaches to landscape, etc. This may be a discussion of theory or method, although papers that incorporate both are best.

Graduate students enrolled in Anth 5570 – Graduate students are expected to write longer and better papers, and will be evaluated on a different level.

COURSE ORGANIZATION AND READINGS

Week	Date	Topic	Readings
1	January 18 (T)	Introduction to the course
1	January 20 (R)	Settlement pattern studies in archaeology	Willey 1974
2	January 25 (T)	Households: Mobility and Sedentism	Binford 1980, Kent 1992
2	January 27 (R)	Household Activities	Vaquero 1999, Conyers, et al. 2002
3	February 1 (T)	Household Organization	Widmer and Storey 1992, Smith and David 1995
3	February 3 (R)	Origins of Communities: Aggregation to Urbanization	McIntosh 1991, Kintigh, et al. 2004
4	February 8 (T)		Houston, et al 2003, Chen 2003
4	February 10 (R)	Community Organization	Ashmore 1989, Stone 2000
5	February 15 (T)		Joyce and Hendon 2000, Zeder 2003
5	February 17 (R)	You gotta find them first: Full-Coverage and Sampling surveys	Plog 1976, Dean 1990
6	February 22 (T)	The Non-site approach	Ebert, et al. 1987
6	February 24 (R)	Remote Sensing	Fowler 2002, Harrower, et al. 2002
7	March 1 (T)	Site and Landscape Formation Processes	Binford 1982, Joyce and Mueller 1997
7	March 3 (R)	Questions of Contemporaneity	Schlanger 1990, Dewar 1991
8	March 8 (T)	Estimating Population	Sbonias 1999
8	March 10 (R)	Predictive Modeling	Maschner 1996, Kohler et al 1999, Anaya, et al. 2003
9	March 15 (T)	Exam
9	March 17 (R)	Regional Analysis: The Focus on Subsistence and Economics	Schlanger 1992, Hunt 1992
10	March 22 (T)	Spring Break - No Class
10	March 24 (R)	Spring Break - No Class
11	March 29 (T)		Johnson 1977, Kohler 1992
11	March 31 (R)	Settlement and Politics: Hierarchy and Heterarchy	Crumley 1995, McIntosh 1999
12	April 5 (T)	Connecting the Dots: Evaluating Interaction through Territories vs. Connections	Gorenflo and Bell 1991, Ohnersorgen and Varien 1996
12	April 7 (R)		Renfrew 1985, Beekman n.d.
13	April 12 (T)	The Landscape Approaches: Holism, Memory, and Practice	Smith 2003
13	April 14 (R)		Thurston 1999
14	April 19 (T)		Tilley 1996, Semple 1998
14	April 21 (R)	SAA Conference - No Class
15	April 26 (T)	World Systems, Cores and Peripheries, and moving beyond the region	Kohl 1989, Balkansky, et al. 2000
15	April 28 (R)	Paper due	Stein 1998, Beekman 2000
16	May 2-6	Dead Week – No Class
17	TBA	Final Exam

REQUIRED TEXTBOOKS

There is no text for the class, but there is a collection of articles that will be placed in the library on electronic reserve.

Week 1

Willey, Gordon. 1974. The Virú valley settlement pattern study. In Archaeological researches in retrospect, edited by Gordon Willey, pp. 149-176. Winthrop Publishers, Cambridge.

Week 2

Binford, L. R. 1980. Willow smoke and dogs' tails: hunter-gatherer settlement systems and archaeological site formation. American Antiquity 45: 4-20.

Kent, Susan. 1992. Studying Variability in the Archaeological Record: an Ethnoarchaeological Model for Distinguishing Mobility Patterns. American Antiquity 57: 635-660.

Vaquero, Manuel. 1999. Intrasite spatial organization of lithic production in the Middle Palaeolithic: The evidence of the Abric Romani (Capellades, Spain). Antiquity 73: 493-501.

Conyers, Lawrence B., Eileen G. Ernenwein, and Leigh-Ann Bedal. 2002. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Mapping as a Method for Planning Excavation Strategies, Petra, Jordan. E-Tiquity 1. Available at http://e-tiquity.saa.org/ and not included on electronic reserve.

Widmer, Randolph J. and Rebecca Storey. 1992. Social Organization and Household Structure of a Teotihuacan Apartment Compound: S3W1: 33 of the Tlajinga Barrio. In Prehispanic Domestic Units in Western Mesoamerica, edited by Robert S. Santley and Kenneth G. Hirth, pp. 87-104. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Smith, Adam and Nicholas David. 1995. The Production of Space and the House of Xidi Sukur. Current Anthropology 36(3): 441-457.

Week 3

McIntosh, Roderick J. 1991. Early Urban Clusters in China and Africa: The Arbitration of Social Ambiguity. Journal of Field Archaeology 18:199-212.

Kintigh, Keith W., Donna M. Glowacki, Deborah L. Huntley. 2004. Long-term settlement history and the emergence of towns in the Zuni area. American Antiquity 69: 432-457.

Week 4

Houston, Stephen, Hector Escobedo, Mark Child, Charles Golden, and René Muñoz. 2003. The Moral Community: Maya Settlement Transformation at Piedras Negras, Guatemala. In The Social Construction of Ancient Cities, edited by Monica L. Smith, pp. 212-253. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C.

Chen Shen. 2003. Compromises and Conflicts: Production and Commerce in the Royal Cities of Eastern Zhou. In The Social Construction of Ancient Cities, edited by Monica L. Smith, pp. 254-268. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C.

Ashmore, W. 1989. Construction and Cosmology: Politics and Ideology in Lowland Maya Settlement Patterns. In Word and Image in Maya Culture: Explorations in Language, Writing, and Representation, edited by W.F. Hanks and D.S. Rice, pp. 272-286, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Stone, Tammy. 2000. Prehistoric Community Integration in the Point of Pines Region of Arizona. Journal of Field Archaeology 27:197-208.

Week 5

Joyce, Rosemary A. and Julia A. Hendon. 2000. Heterarchy, History, and Material Reality. “Communities” in Late Classic Honduras. In The Archaeology of Communities. A New World Perspective, edited by Marcello A. Canuto and Jason Yaeger, pp. 143-160. Routledge, London.

Zeder, Melinda A. 2003. Food Provisioning in Urban Societies. A View from Northern Mesopotamia. In The Social Construction of Ancient Cities, edited by Monica L. Smith, pp. 156-183. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C.

Plog, Stephen. 1976. Relative Efficiencies of Sampling Techniques for Archeological Surveys. In The Early Mesoamerican Village, edited by Kent V. Flannery, pp. 136-158. Academic Press, New York.

Dean, Jeffrey S. 1990. Intensive Archaeological Survey in Long House Valley, Northeastern Arizona. In The Archaeology of Regions: A Case for Full-Coverage Survey, edited by Suzanne K. Fish and Stephen A. Kowalewski, pp. 173-188. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Week 6

Ebert, James I., Signa Larralde, and LuAnn Wandsnider. 1987. Distributional Archaeology: Survey, Mapping, and Analysis of Surface Archaeological Materials in the Green River Basin, Wyoming. In Perspectives on Archaeological Resources Management in the Great Plains, edited by A.J. Osborn and R.C. Haskell, pp. 159-178. I and O Publishing, Omaha.

Fowler, Martin J.F. 2002. Satellite Remote Sensing and Archaeology: A Comparative Study of Satellite Imagery of the Environs of Figsbury Ring, Wiltshire. Archaeological Prospection 9: 55-69.

Harrower, M., J. McCorriston, and E.A. Oches. 2002. Mapping the roots of agriculture in Southern Arabia: the application of satellite remote sensing, global position system and geographic information system technologies. Archaeological Prospection 9: 35-42.

Week 7

Binford, Lewis. 1982. The archaeology of place. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1: 5-31.

Joyce, Arthur A. and Raymond G. Mueller. 1997. Prehispanic human ecology of the Rio Verde drainage basin, Mexico. World Archaeology 29: 75-94.

Schlanger, Sarah H. 1990. Artifact Assemblage Composition and Site Occupation Duration. In Perspectives on Southwestern Prehistory, edited by P.E. Minnis and C.L. Redman, pp. 103-121. Westview Press, Boulder.

Dewar, Robert E. 1991. Incorporating Variation in Occupation Span into Settlement-Pattern Analysis. American Antiquity 56: 604-620.

Week 8

Sbonias, Kostas. 1999. Introduction to issues in demography and survey. In The Archaeology of Mediterranean Landscapes. Volume 1, Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe, edited by John Bintliff and Kostas Sbonias, pp. 1-20. Oxford Books, Oxford.

Maschner, H.D.G. 1996. The Politics of Settlement Choice on the Northwest Coast: Cognition, GIS, and Coastal Landcapes. In Anthropology, Space, and Geographic Information Systems, edited by M. Aldenderfer and H.D.G. Maschner, pp. 175-190. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Kohler, Timothy A., James Kresl, Carla Van West, Eric Carr, and Richard H. Wilhusen. 1999. Be There Then: A modeling approach to settlement determinants and spatial efficiency among late ancestral Pueblo populations of the Mesa Verde region, U.S. Southwest. In Dynamics in Human and Primate Societies, edited by Timothy Kohler and G. Gumerman, pp. 145-178. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Anaya Hernández, Armando , Stanley P. Guenter, and Marc U. Zender. 2003. Sak Tz’i’, a Classic Maya Center: A Locational Model Based on GIS and Epigraphy. Latin American Antiquity 14(2): 179-191.

Week 9

Schlanger, Sarah H. 1992. Recognizing Persistent Places in Anasazi Settlement Systems. In Space, Time, and Archaeological Landscapes, edited by Jacqueline Rossignol and LuAnn Wandsnider, pp. 91-112. Plenum Press, New York.

Hunt, Eleazar D. 1992. Up-grading site-catchment analyses with the use of GIS: investigating the settlement patterns of horticulturalists. World Archaeology 24(2): 283-309.

Week 10 [Spring Break]

Week 11

Johnson, Gregory. 1977. Aspects of Regional Analysis in Archaeology. Annual Reviews of Anthropology 6: 479-508.

Kohler, Timothy A. 1992. Field houses, villages, and the tragedy of the commons in the early Northern Anasazi Southwest. American Antiquity 57: 617-635.

Crumley, Carole L. 1995. Heterarchy and the analysis of complex societies. In Heterarchy and the analysis of complex societies, edited by Robert M. Ehrenreich, Carole L. Crumley, and Janet E. Levy, pp. 1-5. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association No. 6, Washington, D.C.

McIntosh, Susan. 1999. Modeling political organization in large-scale settlement clusters: A case study from the Inland Niger Delta. In Beyond Chiefdoms: African perspectives on political complexity, edited by Susan K. McIntosh, pp. 66-79. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Week 12

Gorenflo, Larry J. and Thomas L. Bell. 1991. Network Analysis and the study of past regional organization. In Ancient road networks and settlement hierarchies in the New World, edited by Charles Trombold, pp. 80-98. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Ohnersorgen, M.A. and Varien, M.D. 1996. Formal architecture and settlement organization in ancient West Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 7: 103-120.

Renfrew, Colin. 1985. Introduction: Peer polity interaction and socio-political change. In Peer Polity Interaction and socio-political change, edited by Colin Renfrew and John F. Cherry, pp. 1-18. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Beekman, Christopher S. n.d. Political Boundaries and Landscape in Ancient Complex Polities. Manuscript.

Week 13

Smith, Adam T. 2003. Sublimated Spaces. Chapter 2 (pp. 30-77) of The Political Landscape. Constellations of Authority in Early Complex Polities. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Thurston, Tina L. 1999. The knowable, the doable, and the undiscussed: Tradition, submission, and the ‘becoming’ of rural landscapes in Denmark’s Iron Age. Antiquity 73: 661-671.

Week 14

Tilley, Christopher. 1996. The powers of rocks: Topography and monument construction on Bodmin Moor. World Archaeology 28: 161-176.

Semple, Sarah. 1998. A fear of the past: The place of the prehistoric burial mound in the ideology of Middle and Later Anglo-Saxon England. World Archaeology 30: 109-126.

Week 15

Kohl, Philip. 1989. The use and abuse of world systems theory: the case of the pristine West Asian state. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 11, pp. 1-35. Academic Press, NY.

Balkansky, Andrew K. Stephen A. Kowalewski, Veronica Perez Rodriguez, Thomas J. Pluckhahn, Charlotte A. Smith, Laura R. Stiver, Dmitri Beliaev, John F. Chamblee, Verenice Y. Heredia Espinoza, and Roberto Santos Perez. 2000. Archaeological Survey in the Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology 27: 365-389.

Stein, Gil. 1998. Rethinking World-Systems: Power, Distance, and Diasporas in the Dynamics of Interregional Interaction. In World Systems Theory in Practice: Leadership, Production, and Exchange, edited by P. Nicholas Kardulias, pp.168-196. Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham.

Beekman, Christopher S. 2000. The Correspondence of Regional Patterns and Local Strategies in Formative to Classic Period West Mexico. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 19 (4): 385-412.

Spring 2005 Registration and Academic Deadlines

· CLAS students must always have an accurate mailing and e-mail address: http:/www.cudenver.edu/registrar

· Students are responsible for completing financial arrangements with financial aid, family, scholarships, etc.

· 12 January (5:00 pm) Payment plan deadline for students registering by 17 December 2004. Students not on financial aid are administratively disenrolled for non-payment.

· 20 January Last day to be added to the wait-list for a closed course.

· 24 January – 1 February Students are responsible for verifying an accurate Spring 2005 registration via SMART.

· 27 January (midnight) Last day to add courses via the web SMART system.

· 2 February (5:00 pm) Last day to add 16-week structured courses. Treated as an absolute deadline. The 2 Feb deadline does not apply to independent study, internships, and late-starting modular courses.

· 2 February (5:00 pm) Last day to drop a Spring 2005 course for tuition refund and no transcript notation.

· 2 February Last day for undergraduates and graduates to apply for May, 2005 graduation.

· 4 April Last day to drop a Spring 2005 course without college approval.

· 15 April Last day to drop a Spring 2005 course for CLAS students. Treated as an absolute deadline.

Consult the Academic Calendar for details on registration/payment deadlines: http://www.cudenver.edu/registrar